리눅스 usermod
IT위키
더 많은 작업
- The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line
usermod 는 이미 있는 사용자 계정의 정보(로그인 이름, UID, 그룹, 홈 디렉터리, 셸, 만료일 등)를 바꾸는 명령이다. /etc/passwd·/etc/shadow·/etc/group 을 손으로 고치지 않고 이 명령으로 바꾼다.
- 경로 : /usr/sbin/usermod
- 문법 :
usermod [옵션] 로그인이름- 바꿀 대상 계정 이름이 맨 뒤에 온다
| 옵션 | 바꾸는 것 |
|---|---|
| -l 새이름 | 로그인 이름(login). usermod -l yuloje posein 은 posein 계정의 이름을 yuloje 로 바꾼다
|
| -u UID | 사용자 ID |
| -g 그룹 | 기본 그룹 |
| -G 그룹,... | 보조 그룹. -a 와 함께 쓰면(-aG) 기존 보조 그룹을 그대로 두고 추가한다 |
| -d 디렉터리 | 홈 디렉터리. -m 을 함께 주면 기존 홈의 내용을 옮긴다 |
| -s 셸 | 로그인 셸 |
| -c 설명 | 설명(GECOS) 필드 |
| -e 날짜 | 계정 만료일(YYYY-MM-DD) |
| -L / -U | 암호를 잠근다 / 잠금을 푼다 |
- 옵션 뒤에는 새 값, 맨 끝에는 지금 계정 이름을 쓴다.
usermod -l posein yuloje는 yuloje 라는 계정을 posein 으로 바꾸라는 뜻이 되어 거꾸로다 - usermod 에는 -n 옵션이 없다. -n 으로 이름을 바꾸는 것은 그룹 이름을 바꾸는 groupmod 다(
groupmod -n 새그룹명 그룹명) - -l 은 로그인 이름만 바꾼다. 홈 디렉터리와 같은 이름의 개인 그룹은 그대로이므로 필요하면 -d·-m 과 groupmod -n 으로 따로 바꾼다
- 그 사용자의 프로세스가 실행 중이면 이름이나 UID 를 바꾸지 못한다
usermod [options] LOGIN
-a, --append
Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.
-c, --comment COMMENT
The new value of the user´s password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn(1) utility.
-d, --home HOME_DIR
The user´s new login directory.
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory,
which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory
will not be created.
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-f, --inactive INACTIVE
The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled.
A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-g, --gid GROUP
The group name or number of the user´s new initial login group. The group must exist.
Any file from the user´s home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new
group.
The group ownership of files outside of the user´s home directory must be fixed manually.
-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a
comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
-g option.
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This
behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN
The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user´s
home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
-L, --lock
Lock a user´s password. This puts a ´!´ in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You
can´t use this option with -p or -U.
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.
-m, --move-home
Move the content of the user´s home directory to the new location. If the current home directory does not exist the
new home directory will not be created.
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual
changes might be needed afterwards.
-o, --non-unique
When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
-p, --password PASSWORD
The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).
Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing
the processes.
You should make sure the password respects the system´s password policy.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.
-s, --shell SHELL
The name of the user´s new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login
shell.
-u, --uid UID
The new numerical value of the user´s ID.
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.
The user´s mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user´s home directory will have
the file user ID changed automatically.
The ownership of files outside of the user´s home directory must be fixed manually.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.
-U, --unlock
Unlock a user´s password. This removes the ´!´ in front of the encrypted password. You can´t use this option with
-p or -L.
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for
example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
The new SELinux user for the user´s login.
A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).
- /etc/group : Group account information.
- /etc/gshadow : Secure group account information.
- /etc/login.defs : Shadow password suite configuration.
- /etc/passwd : User account information.
- /etc/shadow : Secure user account information
chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), useradd(8), userdel(8)